Homeless Children Essay - 3565 Words

Introduction In the United States, 1.5 million children are homeless. 1.5 million children are without adequate shelter, nourishment, healthcare, or education. When a child is homeless, it is not just a house that they are without. They are more likely than other children to experience hunger, constant illness, mental disorders, and developmental delays.1 Being homeless negatively affects a child’s overall welfare and ability to thrive within their community throughout their childhood and into their adulthood. It impedes their ability to live a healthy life and gain an adequate education, as children who are homeless face far more obstacles, such as increased health risks and lack of educational opportunities, than children who aren’t†¦show more content†¦Preventing and ending child homelessness must be a priority for both the U.S. government and the U.S. community. The Affects of Child Homelessness on Health, Hunger, Disorders, Development, and Education â€Å"Homelessness itself can make children sick.†2 Being homeless has an extremely adverse and detrimental effect on a child’s health and well-being. Children who are homeless are more susceptible to health risks because of their poor environment and impoverished lifestyle and have less access to healthcare. The increased amount of health risks plus the lack of healthcare results in the growth of serious illnesses which often go untreated. Risks often begin before a child is born, as it is likely that the mother has been living in poverty, under-nourished, abusing substances, and not receiving adequate prenatal care.3 Children who are born in this condition have a lower birth weight and poor immune system, often suffering from anemia, meaning that they will need specialized care from the start. As they age, children cannot fight off disease and illness as well as non-homeless children, they are two times as likely to visit the hospital in one year, have respiratory in fections, and experience more chronic health problems overall.45 Because homeless children tend to stay in poor conditions and unsafe environments, they are more prone to suffer from lead poisoning, which in its mostShow MoreRelatedHomeless Child Education : Homeless Children1678 Words   |  7 PagesHomeless Children Education Several factors severely compromise the ability of homeless children to succeed in school, as I discovered in interviews with 277 homeless families in New York City in 1988. Barriers to the success of these children include health problems, hunger, transportation obstacles, and difficulty obtaining school clothes and suppliesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ all of which are linked to low attendance rates (Rafferty and Rollins 1989). Other factors are associated with the nature of the emergency shelterRead MoreHomeless Children And Youth Assistance Act979 Words   |  4 PagesStarke as we are getting at least two to three new students who are considered homeless and put under the McKinney-Vento Act. â€Å"The McKinney-Vento Education of Homeless Children and Youth Assistance Act is a federal law that ensures immediate enrollment and educational stability for homeless children and youth. McKinney-Vento provides federal funding to states for the purpose of supporting district programs that serve hom eless students† ( With my mother being the McKinny-Vinto liaison in Bradford countyRead MoreEssay about Homeless Children In America1111 Words   |  5 PagesHomeless Children in America   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To be homeless is to not have a home or a permanent place of residence. Nationwide, there is estimated to be 3.5 million people that are homeless, and roughly 1.35 million of them are children. It is shown that homeless rates, which are the number of sheltered beds in a city divided by the cities population, have tripled since the 1980’s (National Coalition for Homeless, 2014). Worldwide, it is estimated that 100 million children live and work on the streets.Read MoreWhy Children Alone Or With Their Families Become Homeless?1108 Words   |  5 PagesImagine feeling hopeless, lost, and alone. Feeling like all doors have closed, and knowing surviving day by day is your daily task. Surprisingly, â€Å"[a] staggering 2.5 million children are now homeless each year,†countless innocent children and their families are impacted by a destitute life style (â€Å"National Center†). Fortunately, efforts are being made to address homelessness constructive ly. Statewide organizations such as Covenant House and local organizations like The Maslow Project are hopingRead MoreHomeless Children : The Poverty Rate, Lack Of Affordable Housing And Single Parent Households1476 Words   |  6 PagesHomeless Children According to recent reports child homelessness, an estimated 2.5 million children are homeless in the United States. Sadly, nearly half of these children are under the age of five. In fact, one in every thirty children is considered homeless and the numbers continue to increase annually (Bassuk, E., DeCandia, C., Beach, C., Berman, F., 2014) Though many factors contribute to this social epidemic, the high poverty rate, lack of affordable housing and single parent households areRead MoreThe Problem Of Homeless Children963 Words   |  4 Pagespeople think about what kind of individuals are homeless, they often conceive of a shabbily dressed, elder male sitting in the front of a random doorway, with a wine bottle in a brown paper bag. However, homelessness for the past years has begun to be more visible. Homeless children are portrayed in welfare and academic literature as a category of children at risk. Whatever transpires in early childhood can affect a child s lifestyle. In young children, the results are harsh. Stress can result fromRead More A Rhetorical Examination of The Homeless and Their Children Essay1281 Words   |  6 PagesIn â€Å"The Homeless and Their Children†, author Jonathon Kozol explains how poverty and homelessness can go hand in hand, but he also shows his readers that the government in New York City during the 1980’s did not really attempt to assist those in need. The author shows us how the homeless and illiterate struggled by sharing with us an interview with a young woman called Laura who resided in a massive welfare hotel. Kozol did not find it necessary to write this piece in a persuasive tone, or a compassionateRead MoreHomeless Families With Children By Megan Krueger Essay1467 Words   |  6 PagesHomeless Families with Children Introduction Homelessness continues to be a widespread issue in the United States. Homeless families with children, in particular, undergo their own unique experiences compared to the rest of the homeless population. In order to thoroughly understand homeless families, it is important to analyze the causes of homelessness, the families’ lived experiences while homeless, the policies that perpetuate their homelessness, and the effects of homelessness on all familyRead More Homeless Children and the Educational System Essay2484 Words   |  10 PagesHomeless Children and the Educational System Many people still think of homeless transients as alcoholics and/or mentally disabled. The truth is, the current homeless population consists of runaway adolescents, single adult males or females, battered women and over one million homeless families with children – typically headed by a female parent. To be homeless means that one’s primary residence is a public or private shelter, emergency housing, hotel, motel, living with family or friendsRead MoreHealth Disparities Among Homeless Women And Their Children1015 Words   |  5 Pages Health Disparities Among Homeless Women and Their Children Geraldine Barron Denver School of Nursing Cohort C â€Æ' Health Disparities Among Homeless Women and Their Children Health care disparities is known for its vulnerability among low income and minority status populations. Of most concern are the vulnerable population subgroups known by the harsh environments in which they live, their endangered and unhealthy life styles and the illnesses and injuries that afflict them. â€Å"These subpopulations

Attachment Is Defined As The Bond Between An Infant And A...

Module #3- Assignment #3 - Samuel Staton Attachment is defined as the bond that is formed between an infant and a primary caregiver and the reaction an infant has during separation when reuniting with his/her primary caregiver (Lee, 2003). Since parents, biology, and culture influence attachment, children will experience different effects and results based on how attachment develops. In 1964, Rudolph Schaffer and Peggy Emerson conducted a study in which they studied babies and developed a sequential progression of attachment. Indiscriminate attachment occurs until three months of age in which infants respond to any caregiver. By seven to ten months of age, specific attachment to a single person occurs and fear of strangers develops. Beyond ten months, multiple attachments occur most likely with the caregiver that exhibits sensitive responsiveness (McLeod, 2009). In contradiction to the behavioral theory that stated that a child’s attachment to his/her mother was a set of learned behaviors centered around who fed the child, J. Bowlby introduced the attachment theory (McLeod, 2009). According to Bowlby, an infant’s attachment to his/her primary caregiver will be the secure protective base from which s/he will explore his/her world (Lee, 2003). He believed that children are born biologically ready to form attachments in order to survive. Their behaviors elicit responses from caregivers, not to solely get food, but care. He observed that when separated from the mother,Show MoreRelatedAttachment Theory on Socio-Emtionals Development of Children1435 Words   |  6 PagesAttachment Theory: One of the most studied topics in today’s psychology is the attachment theory whose common references are from attachment models by Bowlby and Ainsworth. Since its introduction, the concept has developed to become one of the most significant theoretical schemes for understanding the socio-emotional development of children at an early stage. In addition, the theory is also developing into one of the most prominent models that guide parent-child relationships. Some of the keyRead MoreThe Theory Of Attachment Theory1421 Words   |  6 Pagesclose relationship theory that are studied in social psychology but one of the main theory is attachment theory. This theory not only provides a framework for understanding emotional reactions in infants but also in love, loneliness, and grief in adults. In adults there are attachment styles that are a type of working model that explains certain behaviors that are developed at infancy and childhood. An infant requires two basic attitudes during their earliest interactions with adults. The first is anRead MoreBowlby s Evolutionary Theory Of Attachment1497 Words   |  6 PagesBowlby defined attachment as â€Å"a lasting psychological integration bounded by human beings† (Bowlby, 1969, p.194). However, attachment can also be described as a strong, mutual, emotional connection or relationship formed between two people, mostly between infant and its caregiver. According to Macoby (1988) attachment has four key characteristics which are: proximity; where an infant always want to stay near the attached caregiver. Separation anxiety; is when the infant is distressed when separatedRead MoreThe Theory Of Caring For Young Children Essay1204 Words   |  5 Pagesspecified attachment as â€Å"lasting psychological connectedness between human beings† (Bowlby, 1969, p. 194) and he assumed that the ties that are created in the first years of life between children and caregivers have an enormous impact on the rest of the children’s lives, which consequently are going to influence the children in some attitudes and behaviours. With all of this we are able to understand that the attachment theory refers to a nurture bond that is extremely strong and reciprocal between twoRead MoreResearch On Attachment Theory On The Bonds Created Between Infants And Their Caregivers1730 Words   |  7 PagesTraditional research on Attachment Theory focuses on the bonds created between infants and their caregivers within the first few years of life. When tested, these children typically display an â€Å"organized† pattern of behavior when seeking comfort and safety from their caregiver. Organized attachments are those that follow a specific pattern of behavior and are clearly defined as secure, insecure—avoidant, or insecure—ambivalent. However, there remains a percentage of children who fail to engageRead MoreThe Impact Of Infant Attachment Style On Social Development2044 Words à ‚  |  9 PagesThe Impact of Infant Attachment Style on Social Development Introduction Attachment is an essential part of any relationship, but is especially crucial in infant development. Infant attachment is defined as â€Å"the primary and stable relationship that forms between an infant and the primary caregiver during the first 12 months of a child’s life† (Long, M., 2009, p. 623) While attachment does affect the infant and parent socially, it also has an impact neurologically. â€Å"When a bond is formed, the neuropepticRead MoreThe Emotional Link Of Attachment1661 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Attachment is one of the developmental milestones that begins during conception and remains throughout one’s life. It is defined as the â€Å"strong affectionate tie we have for special people in our lives that lead us to experience pleasure and joy when we interact with them and to be comforted by their nearness in times of stress† (Berk, 2011, p. 264). When an individual meets the child’s needs, an attachment begins to form. The primary caregiver, preferably the mother, is considered toRead MoreThe Attachment Of Children And Their Influence On Children1686 Words   |  7 PagesAvoidant Attachment in Children Parents are a vital factor in the development of their children. Many parents fill various roles as teachers, playmates, caregivers, and disciplinary figures; but one of the most important roles that a parent can hold is that of an attachment figure. The attachment between a child and their attachment figure is a strong predictor of the child’s later social and emotional wellbeing (Benoit, 2004). John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth worked together to come to the principleRead MoreAttachment Theory Is Defined As The Emotional And Psychological1611 Words   |  7 PagesAttachment Theory is defined as the emotional and psychological bond between a child and their caregiver, which starts from birth and is believed to last a lifetime. (Arxcis, 2017). The first published works of attachment theory were done by John Bowlby, a child psychiatrist, in 1969, with Mary Ainsworth, a Canadian psychologist, later collaborating with Bowlby to include different attachment types. Bowlby’s t heory, which was influenced from Konrad Lorenz’s idea of familial imprinting, stated thatRead More Development of Attachment Essay examples1556 Words   |  7 Pagesrelationships infants develop early on in life have lasting effects on their identity and behavior. Extensive research has indicated that the relationship between an infant and its caregivers is particularly important. All children are different, and in order to have a healthy relationship with your child, you should adapt your parenting methods to fit his specific needs. All children differin fundamental ways, two of the most comprehensive being their temperaments and attachment styles. A child’s

The Advantages of Bilingual Education in School free essay sample

Language may only means on communicating for some people, but in the true sense it is the basis exposing individuals to diverse cultures and tradition. Languages are not only a method of expressing opinions but also a source of information about otherwise unknown societies and cultures. Bilingual languages provide individuals with diversified communication skills thereby enhancing their abilities to communicate and understand words than our family language. As example, in Malaysia’s schools, students are study English language as their bilingual language. This show that bilingual education is very important for our future. Therefore, what are the benefits of bilingual education in school? The advantages of bilingual education in school are we have high opportunities to new job markets, more choices in resources of studying and easier to learn additional languages. â€Å"A person who speaks two languages is worth two person†, said my bilingual language teacher. This is because that person is have an ability to speak to non-native person and be able to read some information on the newspapers in other language than their family language. We will write a custom essay sample on The Advantages of Bilingual Education in School or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Therefore, the advantages of having these kind of abilities, we have high opportunities to new job markets due to the need to a person who is knowledgeable in bilingual language. People with bilingual language skills are considered an asset to an organization. It helps better understanding because it gives individuals a broader view. According to Argumentative Essay Examples, 28 September 2011 by Jmssilverstone, â€Å"Since Spanish widely spoken and understood in various part of the United States especially here in New Mexico, learning Spanish would support the students to widen their social circles and lead to more social interaction†. This show that learning in bilingual education gives us a lot of benefits and easy to involve in any works in our industries. Therefore, bilingual education in school give us high opportunities to new job markets. In conclusion, the implementation of bilingual education in school should be take continuously in each countries because it has various golden advantages such as have high opportunities to new job markets, more choices in resources of studying and easier to learn additional languages. I hope that everyone will enjoy to study in the bilingual education system in their schools so that they can have these benefits. The Advantages of Bilingual Education in School free essay sample Languages are ot only a method of expressing opinions but also a source of information about otherwise unknown societies and cultures. Bilingual languages provide individuals with diversified communication skills thereby enhancing their abilities to communicate and understand words than our family language. As example, in Malaysias schools, students are study English language as their bilingual language. This show that bilingual education is very important for our future. Therefore, what are the benefits of bilingual education in school? The advantages of bilingual ducation in school are we have high opportunities to new Job markets, more choices in resources of studying and easier to learn additional languages. A person who speaks two languages is worth two person, said my bilingual language teacher. This is because that person is have an ability to speak to non-native person and be able to read some information on the newspapers in other language than their family language. We will write a custom essay sample on The Advantages of Bilingual Education in School or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Therefore, the advantages of having these kind of abilities, we have high opportunities to new Job markets due to the need to a person who is knowledgeable n bilingual language. People with bilingual language skills are considered an asset to an organization. It helps better understanding because it gives individuals a broader view. According to Argumentative Essay Examples, 28 September 2011 by Jmssilverstone, Since Spanish widely spoken and understood in various part of the United States especially here in New Mexico, learning Spanish would support the students to widen their social circles and lead to more social interaction. This show that learning in bilingual education gives us a lot of benefits and easy to involve in ny works in our industries. Therefore, bilingual education in school give us high opportunities to new Job markets. In conclusion, the implementation of bilingual education in school should be take continuously in each countries because it has various golden advantages such as have high opportunities to new Job markets, more choices in resources of studying and easier to learn additional languages. I hope that everyone will enjoy to study in the bilingual education system in their schools so that they can have these benefits.

The Olympic Games Argumentative Essay Example For Students

The Olympic Games Argumentative Essay Today, the Olympic Games are the worlds largest pageant of athletic skill and competitive spirit. They are also displays of nationalism, commerce, and politics. These two opposing elements of the Olympics are not a modern invention. The conflict between the Olympic movements high ideals and the commercialism or political acts which accompany the Game. The ancient Olympics were rather different from the modern Games. There were fewer events and only free men who spoke Greek could compete, instead of athletes from any country. Also, the games were always held at Olympia instead of moving around to different sites every time. Like our Olympics, though, winning athletes were heroes who put their home towns on the map. One young Athenian nobleman defended his political reputation by mentioning how he entered seven chariots in the Olympic chariot-race. This high number of entries made both the aristocrat and Athens look very wealthy and powerful. The ancient Olympic Games, was also a part of a major religious festival honoring Zeus, the chief Greek god, were the biggest event in their world. We will write a custom essay on The Olympic Games Argumentative specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now They were the scene of political rivalries between people from different parts of the Greek world, the site of controversies, boasts, public announcements, and humiliations. Politics were present at the ancient Olympics in many forms. In 365 B. C. , the Arcadians and the Pisatans took over the Altis, and they presided over the 104th Olympiad the next year. When the Eleans finally regained control of Olympia, they declared the 104th Games invalid. Some valuable political deeds were recorded at Olympia. An inscription on a victory statue honored Pantarces of Elis not only for winning in the Olympic horse-races, but also for making peace between the Achaeans and the Eleans, and negotiating the release of both sides prisoners of war. Olympia was also a place for announcing political alliances. Thucydides describes a 100-year military treaty the Athenians, Argives, Mantineans, and Eleans entered into, which was recorded in public inscriptions on stone pillars at the first three cities, and on a bronze pillar at Olympia. The Olympic festival not only celebrated excellence in athletics. It also provided the occasion for Greeks to produce lasting cultural achievements in architecture, mathematics, sculpture, and poetry. The ancient Greeks were architectural innovators. The temple of Zeus, designed by the architect Libon, was one of the largest Doric temples built in Greece. Libon tried to build the temple in an ideal system of proportions, so that the distance between the columns was harmoniously proportional to their height, and the other architectural elements were sized proportionately as well. The Greek mathematician Euclid expressed this ideal ratio in his Elements, a book on geometry which is said to be the second most popular book of all time, after the Bible. The cultural achievement most directly tied to the Olympic games was poetry commissioned in honor of athletic victors. These poems, called Epinicians, were written by the most famous poets of the day, including Pindar, Bacchylides, and Simonides they were extremely popular. Proof of this is that the playwright Aristophanes portrays an average, not especially literary Athenian man who asks his son to sing a particular forty-year-old epinician poem composed by Simonides. The poem and the athlete live on in peoples memories long after the day of victory. The epinician odes were written to immortalize the athletic victors and they have lasted longer than many of the statues and inscriptions which were made for the same purpose. A truce (in Greek, ekecheiria, which literally means holding of hands) was announced before and during each of the Olympic festivals, to allow visitors to travel safely to Olympia. An inscription describing the truce was written on a bronze discus which was displayed at Olympia. .u574ba0e84d13a046533b179be5704143 , .u574ba0e84d13a046533b179be5704143 .postImageUrl , .u574ba0e84d13a046533b179be5704143 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u574ba0e84d13a046533b179be5704143 , .u574ba0e84d13a046533b179be5704143:hover , .u574ba0e84d13a046533b179be5704143:visited , .u574ba0e84d13a046533b179be5704143:active { border:0!important; } .u574ba0e84d13a046533b179be5704143 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u574ba0e84d13a046533b179be5704143 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u574ba0e84d13a046533b179be5704143:active , .u574ba0e84d13a046533b179be5704143:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u574ba0e84d13a046533b179be5704143 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u574ba0e84d13a046533b179be5704143 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u574ba0e84d13a046533b179be5704143 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u574ba0e84d13a046533b179be5704143 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u574ba0e84d13a046533b179be5704143:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u574ba0e84d13a046533b179be5704143 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u574ba0e84d13a046533b179be5704143 .u574ba0e84d13a046533b179be5704143-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u574ba0e84d13a046533b179be5704143:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Sleeping Gypsy EssayDuring the truce, wars were suspended, armies were prohibited from entering Elis or threatening the Games, legal disputes, and the carrying out of death penalties were forbidden. The Olympic truce was faithfully observed for the most part, although the historian Thucydides recounts that the Lacedaemonians were banned from participating in the Games, after they attacked a fortress in Lepreum and a town in Elis, during the truce. The Lacedaemonians complained that the truce had not yet been announced at the time of their attack. But the Eleans fined them two thousand minae, two for each soldier, as the law required. Another international truce was enforced during the annual Mysteries, a religious rite held at the major sanctuary site of Eleusis. The truces of Olympia and Eleusis not only allowed worshippers and athletes to travel more safely; they also provided a common basis for peace among the Greeks. Lysistrata, the title character in a comic play by Aristophanes, makes this point when she tries to convince the Athenians and the Spartans to end their war. As you can see that the Olympic Game is a historical event that has lasted through the centuries till today. The Greek then are now taking the privilege of honoring. The assignment of the years 2004 Olympic Games to Athens is radically different from previous ones. For a main characteristic of the 2004 Olympics is Greece does not consider the Olympics just to be the foremost athletic event that lasts for a few days every four years because Greece wishes to revive the idea of the Olympiad. Therefore, it is desirable to organize not just one cultural event but a cultural program of global scope which will develop and culminate during the four years period between two successive Olympic Games. Greece undertakes the responsibility to organize the 2004 Olympic Games in a manner that will incorporate this new cultural dimension and feels committed to set a new vision of the Olympic idea which will have a permanent effect. The main idea is that the Cultural Olympiad will become a permanent institution and extend over the period of the four years between two successive Olympic Games and culminating with the Cultural Olympics. Greece envisions these Olympics of Culture as the Olympics of the Spirit and Arts, sees itself as the permanent seat of the institution that will cooperate effectively with the various cities which will be assigned the organization of the Olympic Games. The Political and Ideological Problems The political and ideological problems of international athletic gatherings are well-known. Prominent among them is the ideological and media exploitation of the organization itself, as well as the symbolic and media exploitation. The commer-cialization of the athletic achievements with whatever this entails for athletes. The Cultural Olympiad 2000-2004 and the Cultural Olympic games of 2004 will be hosted in the already existing cultural facilities all over the country. The events will take place in the existing covered or openair exhibition spaces or cultural halls, ancient theaters or other natural settings. Special emphasis will be given to places with historic reference (Athens, Olympia, Epidavros, Thessaloniki, Olympus, Philippoi, e. t. c. ).

Consequences of the Black Death essays

Consequences of the Black Death essays I believe that the Black Death had many consequences, good and bad, on European history. In example, it killed thousands of people, afterwards there were revolutions that led to more freedom for peasants and the death made people either less or more religious. So in ways it was a great help to society as in others it was a great disaster. The Black Death did kill thousands of people, but England had been greatly overpopulated before the plague. The loss of all those people opened up more land and resources to the survivors. The population loss during the Black Death also led to increased productivity by resorting a more efficient balance between labor, land, and capital. This decline in people meant an increase in per capita wealth. This meant more money all around. After the Black Death, there were revolutions that led to more freedom for peasants. As the demand for labors became greater, peasants soon realized that they were actually very important members of the society. Without laborers lands could not be worked and money could not be made. Because of the shortage of workers after the plague, peasants wages rose greatly. Of course landlords didnt like the idea of peasants being paid so well and tried to put in to affect laws preventing it. On being the English Statute of Laborers (1351), which tried to freeze salaries and wages at prices before the plague. The peasants revolted and the statute didnt help land owners. Peasants and the working class now held power. People either became more or less religious during the Black Death. It was not unusual for people to turn to gross sensuality or to hysterical religious fervors during the plague. Some people joined groups of flagellants, who whipped and scourged themselves as penance for their and societys sins, in belief that the Black Death was Gods punishment for humanitys wickedness. ...

Bromine Facts (Atomic Number 35 or Br)

Bromine Facts (Atomic Number 35 or Br) Bromine is a halogen element with atomic number 35 and element symbol Br.  At room temperature and pressure, it is one of the few liquid elements. Bromine is known for its brown color and characteristic acrid odor. Here is a collection of facts about the element: Bromine Atomic Data Atomic Number: 35 Symbol: Br Atomic Weight: 79.904 Electron Configuration: [Ar]4s23d104p5 Word Origin: Greek bromos, which means stench Element Classification: Halogen Discovery: Antoine J. Balard (1826, France) Density (g/cc): 3.12 Melting Point ( °K): 265.9 Boiling Point ( °K): 331.9 Appearance: reddish-brown liquid, metallic luster in solid form Isotopes: There are 29 known isotopes of bromine ranging from Br-69 to Br-97. There are 2 stable isotopes: Br-79 (50.69% abundance) and Br-81 (49.31% abundance). Atomic Volume (cc/mol): 23.5 Covalent Radius (pm): 114 Ionic Radius: 47 (5e) 196 (-1e) Specific Heat (20 °C J/g mol): 0.473 (Br-Br) Fusion Heat (kJ/mol): 10.57 (Br-Br) Evaporation Heat (kJ/mol): 29.56 (Br-Br) Pauling Negativity Number: 2.96 First Ionizing Energy (kJ/mol): 1142.0 Oxidation States: 7, 5, 3, 1, -1 Lattice Structure: Orthorhombic Lattice Constant (Ã…): 6.670 Magnetic Ordering: nonmagnetic Electrical Resistivity (20  °C): 7.8Ãâ€"1010 ÃŽ ©Ã‚ ·m Thermal Conductivity (300 K): 0.122 W ·m−1 ·K−1 CAS Registry Number: 7726-95-6 Bromine Trivia Bromine is named after the Greek word bromos meaning stench because bromine smells... stinky. Its a sharp, acrid odor thats hard to describe, but many people know the smell from the elements use in swimming pools.Bromine was nearly discovered by two other chemists before Antoine Jerome Balard published his discovery. The first was in 1825 by the German chemist Justus von Liebig. He was sent a sample of salt water to analyze from a nearby town. He thought the brown liquid he separated from the salt water was a simple mixture of iodine and chlorine. After he learned of Balards discovery, he went back and checked. His liquid was the newly discovered bromine. The other discoverer was a chemistry student named Carl Loewig. He separated the same brown liquid in 1825 from another sample of salt water. His professor asked him to prepare more of the brown liquid for further testing and soon learned of Balards bromine.Elemental bromine is a toxic substance and can cause corrosion burns when ex posed to skin. Inhalation can cause irritation, in low concentrations, or death, in high concentration. Although toxic as a pure element and in high doses, bromine is an essential element for animals. The bromide ion is a cofactor in collagen synthesis.In World War I, xylyl bromide and related bromine compound were used as poison gas.Compounds containing bromine in the -1 oxidation state are called bromides.Bromine is the tenth most abundant element in sea water with an abundance of 67.3 mg/L.Bromine is the 64th most abundant element in the Earths crust with an abundance of 2.4 mg/kg.At room temperature, elemental bromine is a reddish-brown liquid. The only other element that is a liquid at room temperature is mercury.Bromine is used in many fire retardant compounds. When brominated compounds burn, hydrobromic acid is produced. The acid acts as a flame retardant by interfering with the oxidation reaction of combustion. Nontoxic halomethane compounds, such as bromochloromethane and bromotrifluoromethane, are used in submarines and spacecraft. However, they are not generally useful becau se they are expensive and because they damage the ozone layer. Bromide compounds used to be used as sedatives and anticonvulsants. Specifically, sodium bromide and potassium bromide were used in the 19th and 20th century until they were replaced by chloral hydrate, which was in turn replaced by barbituates and other drugs.The ancient royal purple dye called Tyrian Purple is a bromine compound.Bromine was used in leaded fuels to help prevent engine knock in the form of ethylene bromide.Herbert Dow, founder of the Dow Chemical Company started his business separating bromine from brine waters of the Midwestern United States. Sources Duan, Defang; et al. (2007-09-26). Ab initio studies of solid bromine under high pressure. Physical Review B. 76 (10): 104113. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.76.104113Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 0-08-037941-9.Haynes, William M., ed. (2011). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (92nd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. p. 4.121. ISBN 1439855110.Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.Weeks, Mary Elvira (1932). The discovery of the elements: XVII. The halogen family. Journal of Chemical Education. 9 (11): 1915. doi:10.1021/ed009p1915 Return to the Periodic Table

Brand Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Brand Marketing - Essay Example As the report declares marketing for B2B focuses on a rather small market. Business value influences buying decision. In addition, the goal of B2B is to convert prospects into customers. B2B managers, therefore, tend to focus on relationship building through communication. Mainly, the business in B2B is between a business and other businesses. Advertising through media becomes critical in B2B marketing. This paper discusses that most companies consider B2B and B2C markets as diverse ways of marketing that must be handled excessively especially in relation to brand personality. Of importance to note is that, most of the companies that practise these kinds of marketing have brand executives who operate differently where little sharing of information is required. According to Rajeev 2012, brand management might decide to have their brand value generated through the use of both B2B and B2C markets. In contrast, the use of B2B and B2C markets might at times hurt the brand, drastically reducing the impact of brand personality on the given company. In light of this, there is shared brand equality among the product brands especially when there is visible corporate brand that gives credibility to every product that the company owns. The goal of B2C marketing is to purely change known shoppers into buyers in an aggressive but continent manner. In fact, companies that practise B2C marketing us e more merchandise activities like coupons, which are meant to capture the interest of the customers immediately. For instance, companies with B2C marketing may use emails campaign in persuading customers to buy their products. This type of marketing has assisted various companies in realizing the importance of loyalty (Prabakaran 2012). On the other hand, the goal of B2B marketing is to purely convert prospects into customers although it is longer and more involving. Most of the companies that use B2B marketing must focus on the improvement of relationship building and communication. Of importance to note is that content is the most crucial in terms of marketing. With reference to brand personality, Howard 2009 argues that B2B and B2C require brand in ensuring that the markets have more sales as compared to

Causes Of Bent Grass And Effect Of Soil Compaction On Turf Recovery Coursework

Causes Of Bent Grass And Effect Of Soil Compaction On Turf Recovery - Coursework Example Analyses were conducted to determine the greatest height attainment by grass transections, and the correlation towards soil conditions; particularly soil compaction. While there is abundant research evidence that soil compaction due to foot traffic impedes grass growth in many ways, in this case there was insufficient correlation between height and compaction to conclude a detriment to turf grasses.Even the most cursory of observations within a well-traveled outdoor area reveals the apparent lack of ground cover plants in areas of high foot traffic. Regardless of whether the traffic is human or animal origin. An obvious trail of bare dirt illustrates the way grass and other forms of plants that serve as ground cover are restricted in their growth through trampling. While it is apparent that heavy traffic can kill or impede grasses, a thorough understanding of botany requires the elucidation of the extent to which this is true; how much data can be gathered regarding how much grass is restricted by what amount due to a particular level of human or animal foot traffic? A significant body of research already exists relating to this topic in addition to the data presented herein. Studies of this sort have a great value in terms of the conservation of natural resources. This is especially true pertaining to the unification and maintenance of Parkland in suburban settings. Where groundcover is in danger, adequate resource planning in addition to architectural and design strategy are helpful in terms of the preservation not only a wilderness areas, but of groundcover existing at schools, universities, and other public places. Over time, the consequences of traffic can cause problems in agriculture as well. Vehicles used to till the soil may at the same time diminish that soil's ability to defuse nutrients unless special care is taken. (Reintam et al. 2005) Sports fields and golf courses must also seriously consider and the impact of human foot traffic upon it. On thes e sorts of fields or fairways severe damage in the form of turf removal can occur, the sort of removal can also be known as a divot. The implications of wear and tear on the turf grass essential for the appearance they wish to cultivate. Harivandi describes the genetic tolerance of turf grasses to withstand foot traffic as wear tolerance. (Harivandi, 2002) vehicular traffic may also be a concern if it is consistent, and localized to a specific, narrow region of groundcover. Wear tolerance reflects the ability of a particular turfgrass to survive pressure that can compress or crush the stems, or leaves of grasses and other types of plants. In essence, the result is two primary challenges posed by foot and vehicular traffic: damage to the plants themselves, as quantified by wear tolerance of the grasses – and soil compaction, which affects the soil itself and its ability to support life and to provide the fertile ground for new growth; under dry conditions. (Brosnan et al. 2005 ) High traffic areas, if left unattended can be sorely defaced through the additional process of soil displacement. This is a topic of concern upon wet soils especially. Under these conditions increased damage to various forms of turfgrass and higher levels of the root system can be severe. (Harivandi, 2002) Kentucky bluegrass tends to be the most common form of turfgrass used for athletic fields. (Puhalla et al. 1999) Over time, the damage from considerable foot traffic has the potential to become a cumulative. As the soil grows increasingly compact, the viability and fertility of the area in terms of plant

Nobel prize Essay Example for Free

Nobel prize Essay The study of economics is a science. And like all sciences, it is firmly based upon the scientific method. It is important to remember this concept in the paper as it would be discussing implications of a paradigm shift in economics towards new schools of thought and applications of various methodologies. Economics, being a science, through trial and error and the application of the said scientific method, has evolved over the years since its original inception and has even garnered a certain place in the Nobel prize awards. Also, since the original conceptions of the early theories of economics which have been formulated by Smith, Ricardo, and Marshall, economics has come a long way and has integrated many discussions that belonged originally to other related disciplines and fields and employed its use under its own wing. However, as many have pointed out and as is becoming evident especially in todays modern age of financial crisis and market crashes, the science and discipline needs a new paradigm shift with respect to its application, understanding, and even methodological processes. Recently, BusinessWeek has published a story regarding the current failure of economists to not only predict the current financial crisis in the United States and the global economy, but also were not able to solve these issues using existing tools in economics. The disciplined then faces the question of whether or not economics needs a new paradigm shift. The objective of this paper is to explain, through analysis and understanding the basic frameworks of economics and how they work, why economics does not need a paradigm shift. In order to do this, the paper would be approaching the problem by understanding modern microeconomic and macro economic theory. It would also be the objective of this paper to understand the various anomalies on why such recent commentary has been made on the science and what are the probable ways in order to integrate such anomalies into the discipline in modern times. Towards the end of this paper, it is the hope that the reader is convinced that the science does not need a paradigm shift but rather merely needs to integrate such new problems into the current paradigm and framework in approaching the discipline and the problems that it tries to address. From the realm and point of view of microeconomics, there are various essential founding concepts that eventually launch into the more complicated discussions under microeconomics. Recent cutting edge microeconomic studies focus on game theory, simultaneous equilibria methods for consumers and producers, and even quantification of human behavior. In fact, if the paper was to summarize all recent activity under the academic wing and discussion of microeconomics, it would fill volumes and volumes of pages. However, what is important for the reader to realize is that even the most complicated microeconomic theories involving long mathematical equations and difficult matrix solutions are basically captured and can be derived from its founding theories such as utility maximization, the theory of consumer behavior, and understanding of perfect markets. Again, however, many have commented that the basic precepts that revolve around these founding microeconomic theories eventually produce anomalies that might as well create a new paradigm for approaching economic analysis because such founding theories do not actually reflect in the real world. Let us first take for example the discussions of utility maximization. The demand and supply framework which is the basic foundation of economics could be further distilled to understanding utility theory and the way consumers and producers are able to meet in the market by maximizing the levels of their happiness. In utility theory, there is the marginal utility curve which is a locus of points comparing the trade-off advantages and disadvantages between two goods any given set up. The tangency of this utility curve with a budget line of consumers eventually dictate areas which they choose to consume. Basically, standard utility theory in economics has the underlying principle and essential nature of perfect consumer rationality and consumer choice. Recently, however, social scientists, and even economists in some schools of thought, have pointed out that consumers are far from rational and could not conceivably draw a perfect utility curve that becomes the basic foundation for microeconomics. As such anomaly and arguments have pointed out, studies have reflected that consumers in the real world do not reflect perfect rationality because of the inability of human beings to perfectly compute various opportunity cost trade-offs simultaneously considering other variables. Furthermore, critics of utility theory have pointed out that the assumption of all things held constant that is ever so important in constructing basic microeconomic consumer choice is not actually applicable in real world situations. Therefore, as these detractors of modern economic theory point out, there must be a paradigm shift in the discipline.

Iran-Contra Affair: The Diversion Scandal Essay -- Essays Papers

Iran-Contra Affair: The Diversion Scandal Eugene Hasenfus of Marinette, Wisconsin was captured when his cargo plane suffered damaging missile blows. Hasenfus’ outdated cargo plane was knocked from the sky as a result of Nicaraguan surface to air missiles. After notifying the office of the United States Vice-President, informants in both El Salvador and Costa Rica would scramble to assess and control a seemingly uncomplicated situation. While United States officials prepared to limit their damages, the Nicaraguan captors televised Hasenfus’ explanation of illegal actions by the United States and specifically the Reagan Administration in support of the rebel Contras. President Ronald Reagan strongly opposed the Sandinista government of Nicaragua in 1979, suggesting its communist nature as the reason for a necessary opposition. While the workings of the Iran-Contra affair were entirely covert, there was a time when Reagan openly supported Nicaraguan rebel factions. The president was understood to strongly oppose the Sandinista regime as evident by the termination of Nicaraguan aid and the support of the Nicaraguan Democratic Resistance. At one point, Regan goes on to state his readiness "to accept the idea of overt aid to the anti-Sandinista guerrillas in Nicaragua." Reagan went on to address Congress and compel them to take action in Nicaragua as a function of United States foreign policy. A joint session of Congress however was unconvinced as Reagan’s support of anti-Sandinista groups would not prevail. The Democratic majority of the House of Representatives would succeed in their doubt of anti-Sandinista efforts, actualized by specific l egislation. Representative Edward P. Boland introduced the â€Å"Boland Ammendment† for the ... ... system for the Contras. On November 25, 1986 President Reagan and Meese announced the scandal on national television, as well as John Pointdexter’s retirement and Oliver North’s reassignment to the United States Marines. Bibliography 1) Byrne, Malcolm. Digital National Security Archive. 26 Jan. 1990. National Security Archive. <http://nsarchive.chadwyck.com/icessayx.html>. 2) Draper, Theodore. A Very Thin Line. 1991. Questia Online Library 3) Grosvenor, Charles R. The Iran Contra Scandal. 1995. <http://www.inthe80s.com/scandal.html>. 4) Stitch, Rodney. Defrauding America. N.p.: Diablo Western P, 1984. 1-654. 5) The Iran Contra Conspiracy. N.p.: W.W Norton & Company, 1998. 4-544. 6) Walsh, Lawerence E. United States Court of Appeals. Final Report of the Independent Counsel for Iran/Contra Matters. 04 Apr. 1993. Iran-Contra Affair: The Diversion Scandal Essay -- Essays Papers Iran-Contra Affair: The Diversion Scandal Eugene Hasenfus of Marinette, Wisconsin was captured when his cargo plane suffered damaging missile blows. Hasenfus’ outdated cargo plane was knocked from the sky as a result of Nicaraguan surface to air missiles. After notifying the office of the United States Vice-President, informants in both El Salvador and Costa Rica would scramble to assess and control a seemingly uncomplicated situation. While United States officials prepared to limit their damages, the Nicaraguan captors televised Hasenfus’ explanation of illegal actions by the United States and specifically the Reagan Administration in support of the rebel Contras. President Ronald Reagan strongly opposed the Sandinista government of Nicaragua in 1979, suggesting its communist nature as the reason for a necessary opposition. While the workings of the Iran-Contra affair were entirely covert, there was a time when Reagan openly supported Nicaraguan rebel factions. The president was understood to strongly oppose the Sandinista regime as evident by the termination of Nicaraguan aid and the support of the Nicaraguan Democratic Resistance. At one point, Regan goes on to state his readiness "to accept the idea of overt aid to the anti-Sandinista guerrillas in Nicaragua." Reagan went on to address Congress and compel them to take action in Nicaragua as a function of United States foreign policy. A joint session of Congress however was unconvinced as Reagan’s support of anti-Sandinista groups would not prevail. The Democratic majority of the House of Representatives would succeed in their doubt of anti-Sandinista efforts, actualized by specific l egislation. Representative Edward P. Boland introduced the â€Å"Boland Ammendment† for the ... ... system for the Contras. On November 25, 1986 President Reagan and Meese announced the scandal on national television, as well as John Pointdexter’s retirement and Oliver North’s reassignment to the United States Marines. Bibliography 1) Byrne, Malcolm. Digital National Security Archive. 26 Jan. 1990. National Security Archive. <http://nsarchive.chadwyck.com/icessayx.html>. 2) Draper, Theodore. A Very Thin Line. 1991. Questia Online Library 3) Grosvenor, Charles R. The Iran Contra Scandal. 1995. <http://www.inthe80s.com/scandal.html>. 4) Stitch, Rodney. Defrauding America. N.p.: Diablo Western P, 1984. 1-654. 5) The Iran Contra Conspiracy. N.p.: W.W Norton & Company, 1998. 4-544. 6) Walsh, Lawerence E. United States Court of Appeals. Final Report of the Independent Counsel for Iran/Contra Matters. 04 Apr. 1993.

Arise: a Destination-for-a-Day Spa Essay

The ARISE: A Destination-for-a-Day Spa case describes how a spa going through the business development stage is struggling with employee turnover as well as has been operating at a loss for the past two years. ARISE, the spa in question, was built on the business strategy of differentiation which emphasizes employee-customer relationships. Within these relationships, ARISE employees act as Personal Wellness Coaches (PWC) helping clients create â€Å"integrated health and happiness plans†. The key stakeholders in the case are the President and CEO: Kristen Chambers; Vice President of Business Operations: Sam Solti; Vice President of Spa Operations: Twyla Thompson; and Director of Spa Services: Danielle Dunn; who all offer differing opinions and proposed solutions for this dilemma. Included in these stakeholders are also the ARISE employees and their client base. CRITICAL ISSUES The first critical issue ARISE is dealing with is that it has been operating at a loss for the past two years (since the time it was established). ARISE has a limited amount of funds put aside anticipating the breakeven point and cannot afford to pay out year after year in order to keep itself afloat. The risk of going under is apparent if this issue is not resolved in a timely manner. ARISE’s second critical issue, which can assist the first issue of bringing up the bottom line, is that there an excessive amount of employee turnover. Chambers has allowed a three month period in which Thompson must figure out a solution to the employee turnover issue. This problem is especially important because it concerns ARISE’s overall business strategy. ARISE’s business strategy of differentiation through customer service requires having a strong and consistent workforce. Without the support of its employees, ARISE will crumble. There are also costs to cycling through a workforce. The hiring process and training of new staff are costly business procedures which greatly affect the bottom line when performing them as often as ARISE is currently. RECCOMMENDATIONS First it is critical that ARISE is aware of their employees’ wants and needs. Exit interviews are not enough and are in no way proactive in catering to the wants and needs of employees. Give surveys to employees in order to determine whether or not current business operations are effective. Ask specific questions such as: What is your favorite aspect of working at ARISE? (Explain) What is your least favorite aspect at being an employee at ARISE? (Explain) In regards to your experience as an employee at ARISE, what are some improvements ARISE can make? (Explain) Do you value having benefits offered by ARISE? (Explain) Would you like more flexibility in your schedule? (Explain) Do you like being a part of an All-Star Team? (Explain) etc†¦ With this information Thompson can make appropriate adjustments to the employee operations. Because of comments made in exit interviews along with previous employee surveys, it is recommended that ARISE keep the All-Star Team organizational design, offer more flexible schedule options (new parent, sick time, etc.), a higher base pay (in return for cutting benefits), as well as give employees a more realistic job preview when they enter employment at ARISE, as to not create false expectations. Providing ARISE employees with a higher base pay would greatly improve the turnover rate. Employees have stated during previous exit interviews that they were leaving to look for a higher salary. ARISE employees have also noted not valuing benefits as significant compensation. For that reason, it is a good idea to take the funds currently being put into benefits and redirect them to base salary in order to satisfy employees as well as not need to worry about the steeply climbing medical and dental rates year to year. Schedule flexibility is regarded as a benefit by employees as well as a reason to stay at a company. Employees may enjoy their job but find it impossible to meet a rigid schedule requirement; therefore, it would be beneficial for ARISE to offer more scheduling options. According to an article by the Boston College, â€Å"the main reason cited by employers for developing workplace flexibility†¦is the retention of employees in general (37%)†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Cohen). Many employers recognize the importance of workplace flexibility and have seen it improve their turnover rate. Realistic job previews are important in relation to employee turnover. As emphasized in MGMT 411, high turnover can occur when they are unpleasantly surprised by an aspect of their job. It undermines the psychological contract between an employer and their employee while causing a loss of trust. Better informed candidates who choose to continue on with the application process after learning more about the job are more likely to be a good fit with the position and therefore continue on in the position for a longer period of time. Also, in regards to the issue of employee responsibilities, job specifications should be more clearly defined so that employees know what is expected of them. This will help deter slacking. In addition, supervisors must write up employees who are not fulfilling their job duties. All-Star teams are meant to keep employees responsible but if they aren’t someone else should step in. If nothing is done to reprimand slackers it encourages them as well as deters the hard working, responsible employees from continuing their correct actions. Hard working employees who pick up the slack from lazy teammates do not appreciate doing work without reward and may eventually move on from the organization. Which will overall lead stellar performers out of the organization and encourage less productive workers to continue poor business practices. Keep PWCs accountable.

Rhetorical Analysis on Thoreau’s Walden-Chapter33

Rhetorical Analysis-â€Å"Reading† in Walden Walden is a personal essay of Henry David Thoreau, as he goes into wood and writes his personal experiences by immersing himself in nature. By detaching himself from the society, Thoreau tried to gain a more objective understanding of society through personal introspection. His thoughts of understanding society or finding the â€Å"truth† are discussed on the third chapter â€Å"Reading. † This chapter constitutes a description of what Thoreau has gained from reading and an exhortation that the reader should seek for the vein of spiritual truth.Thoreau discusses the benefits of classical literature then argues that people of Concord should focus on adult’s education. He moans that most of the educated men in Concord disregard the classics of English literature and argues that townspeople should have spent money on building Lyceum instead of a townhouse. By using dichotomies, Thoreau differentiates himself from t he townspeople, and then he strengthens his argument by deifying the work of great poets.Thoreau’s studying of classical literature or his attempt to find the truths is prevalent in chapter â€Å"Reading†, but his thoughts are especially well-presented in the first paragraph of the chapter. Thoreau begins his paragraph with personal thoughts saying if men were more deliberate in choosing their pursuits, they would all become â€Å"students† and observers,† because that it is in their â€Å"nature† and â€Å"destiny. † By choosing scientific words, such as â€Å"observers†, â€Å"students†, and â€Å"nature† to describe his personal thoughts, Thoreau risks charges of elitism.Science is a study of nature and it is based on observation and experiment, whereas philosophy and literature is a study based on personal thoughts and insights. This is contrast to what other most writers argue. Most other writers and philosophers arg ue that while it is possible to think we know the truth in a situation, it is impossible to be certain. Since we cannot be certain of the truth, it is very difficult or even impossible to define what the â€Å"truth† is.However by stating that literature and philosophy can be answered in a definite way like science, Thoreau implicitly tells the readers that he is following the â€Å"right† track as other great poets have followed. This elitism is recurrent throughout in Walden, as he states the difference between great literature and the common reader later in this chapter. Thoreau contemplates that most people learn to read only for convenience and they are only satisfied with one great book, the Bible. He even ridicules the townspeople by comparing them to four years old children with a copy of Cinderella.It is possible that Thoreau purposely used the techniques in a planned way. If Thoreau had bluntly blamed the educated man in Concord from the beginning, his reader s, whom are mostly likely educated men from Concord or elsewhere, would have undoubtedly been offended. On the next sentence, Thoreau continues his assertion by introducing the theme of immortality through literature. Once again, he defies the work of great poets by stating that â€Å"we are mortal, †¦ but in dealing with truth, we are immortal. †(94, Thoreau) Thoreau implies that by writing or publishing great works, one can achieve immortality with his work.To further understand Thoreau’s concept on mortality, one must understand his background first. Walden was written in1845, three years after his beloved brother John, an amateur ornithologist. Suffering from his brother’s loss, Thoreau went to woods and started his career as a writer by writing Walden. Faced with the death of his brother, Thoreau probably needed to find an answer for mortality and Walden is his attempt to immortalize himself through writing. Continuing from mortality, Thoreau uses anot her metaphor, divinity. Thoreau mentions about Egyptian and Hindu philosophers and their divinity.It is interesting to see that Thoreau uses other religions, instead of using Christianity. It was written in mid-nineteenth century, and the traditional Christian beliefs were starting to crumble. Thoreau, coming from New England where Puritan religion is prevalent, would of course be familiar with Christianity and Bible. Other evidences in this paragraph also suggest that Thoreau was affected by this. As I mentioned on the last paragraph, Thoreau mentions about immortality and afterlife, which cannot be achieved in Christianity.Another example is the use of word â€Å"veil† in this paragraph. Throeau states â€Å"still the trembling robe remains raised, and I gaze upon as fresh a glory as he did. †(94, Thoreau) When people first think of Veil in religion, most people would think of Muslim women wearing hijabs, but considering that this was written in mid-nineteenth centur y, Thoreau probably was not considering Muslim. In fact, covering the hair is also religious commandment for Christian Women and it was meant to shield women’s hair from eyes of sinful men.Human beings can only perceive the divine through their senses in Christianity belief, while Thoreau, as a transcendentalist, suggests a more spiritual way to connect with divine by reading great literature. Thoreau then concludes this paragraph with a resemblance statement of great literature’s immortality. He says â€Å"That time which we really improve, or which is improvable, is neither past, present, nor future. †(94,Thoreau) Again he mentions immortality of the great literature and he is stating that these works are the â€Å"truth. Thoreau does not contemplate townspeople in this paragraph as much as the rest of chapter. Instead he focuses praising the great poets and even defies their work. This is part of his effort to convince readers his argument before he can crit icize other townspeople. By doing this, he wishes for townspeople to become more educated. He wishes that Concord spend money on arts and education as patrons in European nobles, but only finds that townspeople are spending money on farming and trade. By using dichotomy between townspeople and the great poets, he successfully distinguishes himself from townspeople.Then by using metaphors and comparison with Christianity, Thoreau asserts his opinion on education and tells his thoughts on finding the â€Å"truth. † By boldly putting himself to the same position as the other great poets, Thoreau successfully shows his strong will on reforming education. Yet, he risks his essay for elitism by simply stating that townspeople don’t care much about the literature and thus must be not interested in finding the truth. ? Work cited. 1. Henry David Thoreau, Walden. New York: The Modern Library, 1992. Print. 2. Walden Pond state Reservation

Elizabeth Parris, Accuser in the Salem Witch Trials

Elizabeth Parris, Accuser in the Salem Witch Trials Elizabeth Parris (November 28, 1682–March 21, 1760) was one of the major accusers in the Salem Witch Trials of 1692. A young girl at the time, Betty Parris appeared to be afflicted by demons and claimed to have visions of the devil; she accused several local women of witchcraft. Bettys accusation lit the fuse that eventually ended with accusations against 185 people, formal charges made against 156, and the execution by hanging of 19 residents of Salem Village in Massachusetts. Fast Facts: Elizabeth Parris Known For: One of the early accusers in the 1692 Salem witch trialsAlso Known As: Betty ParrisBorn: November 28, 1682 in Boston, MassachusettsParents: Samuel Parris, Elizabeth ParrisDied: March 21, 1760  in Concord, MassachusettsSpouse: Benjamin BaronChildren: Thomas, Elizabeth, Catherine, Susanna Early Life Elizabeth Parris, 9 years old at the beginning of 1692, was the daughter of Rev. Samuel Parris and his wife Elizabeth Eldridge Parris, who was often ill. The younger Elizabeth was often called Betty to distinguish her from her mother. She was born when the family lived in Boston. Her older brother Thomas was born in 1681 and her younger sister Susannah was born in 1687. Also part of the household was 12-year-old Abigail Williams, who was described as a kinswoman and was sometimes called a niece of Rev. Parris, probably a household servant, and two slaves Rev. Parris had brought with him from Barbados- Tituba and John Indian, described as Indians. An African boy slave had died a few years before. Elizabeth Parris Before the Salem Witch Trials Rev. Parris was the minister of Salem Village church, arriving in 1688, and had been embroiled in considerable controversy, coming to a head in late 1691 when a group organized to refuse to pay him a significant part of his salary. He began to preach that Satan was conspiring in Salem Village to destroy the church. Elizabeth Parris and the Salem Witch Trials In mid-January of 1692, both Betty Parris and Abigail Williams began to behave strangely. Their bodies contorted into strange positions, they reacted as if they were being physically hurt, and they made strange noises. Anns parents were leading members of the Salem Village church, supporters of Rev. Parris in the ongoing church conflict. Rev. Parris tried prayer and traditional remedies; when those didnt end the fits, he called in a doctor (probably a neighbor, Dr. William Griggs) on or about February 24 and a neighboring towns minister, Rev. John Hale, to get their opinions on the cause of the fits. The men agreed that the girls were victims of witches. Mary Sibley, a neighbor and member of Rev. Parris flock, advised John Indian the following day- perhaps with the help of his wife, another Caribbean slave of the Parris family- to make a witchs cake to discover the names of the witches. Instead of relieving the girls, however, their torments increased. Friends and neighbors of Betty Parris and Abigail Williams, including Ann Putnam Jr. and Elizabeth Hubbard, began having similar fits, described as afflictions in contemporary records. Pressured to name their tormenters, Betty and Abigail named the Parris family slave Tituba on February 26. Several neighbors and ministers, likely including Rev. John Hale of Beverley and Rev. Nicholas Noyes of Salem, were asked to observe the girls behavior. They questioned Tituba. The next day, Ann Putnam Jr. and Elizabeth Hubbard experienced torments and blamed Sarah Good, a local homeless mother and beggar, and Sarah Osborne, who was involved with conflicts around inheriting property and who also had married an indentured servant (a local scandal). None of the three accused witches were likely to have many local defenders. On February 29, based on accusations of Betty Parris and Abigail Williams, arrest warrants were issued in Salem for the first three accused witches- Tituba, Sarah Good, and Sarah Osborne- based on the complaints of Thomas Putnam, Ann Putnam Jr.s father, and several others before local magistrates Jonathan Corwin and John Hathorne. They were to be taken for questioning the next day to Nathaniel Ingersolls tavern. The next day, Tituba, Sarah Osborne, and Sarah Good were examined by local magistrates John Hathorne and Jonathan Corwin. Ezekiel Cheever was appointed to take notes on the proceedings. Hannah Ingersoll, whose husbands tavern was the site of the examination, found that the three had no witch marks on them. Sarah Goods husband William later testified that there was a mole on his wifes back. Tituba confessed and named the other two as witches, adding rich details to her stories of possession, spectral travel, and meeting with the devil. Sarah Osborne protested her own innocence; Sarah Good said Tituba and Osborne were witches but that she was herself innocent. Sarah Good was sent to nearby Ipswich, Massachusetts to be confined with her youngest child, born the year before, with a local constable who was also a relative. She escaped briefly and returned voluntarily; this absence seemed especially suspicious when Elizabeth Hubbard reported that Sarah Goods specter had visited her and tormented her that evening. Sarah Good was held at the Ipswich jail on March 2, and Sarah Osborn and Tituba were questioned further. Tituba added more details to her confession, and Sarah Osborne maintained her innocence. Questioning continued for another day. At this point, Mary Warren, a servant in the home of Elizabeth Proctor and John Proctor, began having fits as well. The accusations soon widened: Ann Putnam Jr. accused Martha Corey and Abigail Williams accused Rebecca Nurse. Corey and Nurse were known as respectable church members. On March 25, Elizabeth had a vision of being visited by the great Black Man (the devil) who wanted her to be ruled by him. Her family was worried about her continuing afflictions and the dangers of diabolical molestation (in the later words of Rev. John Hale). Betty Parris was sent to live with the family of Stephen Sewall, a relative of Rev. Parris, and her afflictions ceased. So did her involvement in the witchcraft accusations and trials. Elizabeth Parris After the Trials Bettys mother Elizabeth died  on July 14, 1696. In 1710, Betty Parris married Benjamin Baron, a yeoman, trader, and shoemaker, and lived quietly in Sudbury, Massachusetts. The couple had five children, and she lived to the age of 77. Legacy Arthur Millers play The Crucible is a political allegory based on the Salem Witch Trials. The play won a Tony award and is still one of the most often-read and produced plays of the century. One of the main characters is based loosely on the historical Betty Parris; in Arthur Millers play, Bettys mother is dead and she has no brothers or sisters. Sources Brooks, Rebecca. â€Å"Betty Parris: First Afflicted Girl of the Salem Witch Trials.†Ã‚  History of Massachusetts.Gragg, Larry.  A Quest for Security: The Life of Samuel Parris 1653-1720. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 1990.Salem Witch Trials Notable Persons.

44 Landlocked Countries That Dont Touch an Ocean

44 Landlocked Countries That Don't Touch an Ocean Approximately one-fifth of the worlds countries are landlocked, meaning they have no access to the oceans. There are 44 landlocked countries that do not have direct access to an ocean or ocean-accessible sea (such as the Mediterranean Sea). Why Is Being Landlocked an Issue? While a country such as Switzerland has thrived despite its lack of access to the worlds oceans, being landlocked has many disadvantages. Some landlocked countries rank among the poorest in the world. Some of the issues of being landlocked include: Lack of access to fishing and oceanic food sourcesHigh transportation and transit costs because of a lack of access to ports and world shipping operationsGeopolitical vulnerabilities from dependence on neighboring countries for access to world markets and natural resourcesMilitary limitations because of the lack of naval options What Continents Have No Landlocked-Countries? North America has no landlocked countries, and Australia is rather obviously not landlocked. Within the United States, over half of the 50 states are landlocked with no direct access to the worlds oceans. Many states, however, do have water access to the oceans via the Hudson Bay, Chesapeake Bay, or Mississippi River. Landlocked Countries in South America South America has just two landlocked countries: Bolivia and Paraguay. Landlocked Countries in Europe Europe has 14 landlocked countries: Andorra, Austria, Belarus, Czech Republic, Hungary, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Moldova, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Switzerland, and Vatican City. Landlocked Countries in Africa Africa has 16 landlocked countries: Botswana, Burundi, Burkina Faso, Central African Republic, Chad, Ethiopia, Lesotho, Malawi, Mali, Niger, Rwanda, South Sudan, Swaziland, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. Lesotho is unusual in that it is landlocked by just one country (South Africa). Landlocked Countries in Asia Asia has 12 landlocked countries: Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bhutan, Laos, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Nepal, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. Note that several of the countries in western Asia border the landlocked Caspian Sea, a feature that does open some transit and trade opportunities. Disputed Regions that Are Landlocked Four regions that are not fully recognized as independent countries are landlocked: Kosovo, Nagorno-Karabakh, South Ossetia, and Transnistria. What Are the Two Doubly-Landlocked Countries? There are two, special, landlocked countries that are known as doubly-landlocked countries, completely surrounded by other landlocked countries. The two doubly-landlocked countries are Uzbekistan (surrounded by Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan) and Liechtenstein (surrounded by Austria and Switzerland). What Is the Largest Landlocked Country? Kazakhstan is the worlds ninth largest country but is the worlds largest landlocked country. Its 1.03 million square miles (2.67 million km2) and is bordered by Russia, China, the Kyrgyz Republic, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, and the landlocked Caspian Sea. What Are the Most Recently Added Landlocked Countries? The most recent addition to the list of landlocked countries is South Sudan which gained independence in 2011. Serbia is also a recent addition to the list of landlocked countries. The country formerly had access to the Adriatic Sea, but when Montenegro became an independent country in 2006, Serbia lost its ocean access. Edited by Allen Grove.

Careers in Lodging and Food and Beverage Industries Essay - 4

Careers in Lodging and Food and Beverage Industries - Essay Example Lodging is basically a form of residential accommodation where people who travel and live away from home for some times can rent to sleep and perform common household functions. Publishing (2009) states that, lodging is mainly done in hotels, private homes, hostels, tents among others. In the lodging industries there are numerous management careers which eligible employees in the sector can engage in, these careers include; general management , events coordination, housekeeping, sales management , purchasing , security management, accounting and finance among others. General management is concerned with the conduct of activities in the lodging and ensuring that everything in all areas is in accord with what is planned. The house keeping career entails maintaining order in lodging facilities and ensuring that rooms are keep tidy all the time. Housekeeping managers are charged with the responsibility of ensuring that customers are comfortable in the rooms of residence. The lodging indu stry involves a lot of money transaction between customers and the lodge management. In this regard accounting and finance mangers are required in order to supervise these money transactions. Therefore, accounting and finance career entails booking keeping, preparation and interpretation of financial statements for proper decision making. Millions of people secure job vacancies in the food and beverages industry every year (Ojugo, 2010). Management careers that may be offered in the food and beverage industry include operations management, catering, consultant, events management, human resource management, accounting and finance among others. Operations manager is required in order plan and organize the way work should be done. In fact, operation management requires individuals with credible administration skills in order to ensure that guidelines are given accordingly. Catering

SWOT Analysis. Advantages and limitations Essay

SWOT Analysis. Advantages and limitations - Essay Example Strengths are the qualities that enable one to achieve the organization’s assignment. Strengths are the beneficial aspects of the organization or the ability of an organization that includes human capabilities, financial resources, products and services. Weaknesses are the qualities that prevent an organization from achieving its goals. Opportunities are the essentials that the organization can adventure to its advantage. They are presented by the environment which an organization is based. Threats are the elements that cause problems for an organization. A threat occurs when an external environment endangers the ability of an organization to maximize profit (Pahl et al, 2009). Strength and weaknesses of the organization There is various strength I exposed in this organization. We have a good management approaches and corporate polices in the organization management system that enables good management process, we own a clinical research center. It is a center of excellence that runs clinical research, we have a highly skilled clinical staff that attends to patients with dignity and courteousness, we have local aids that are willing to participate in the running of the organization, we have a history of a successful open day proceedings with the community that surrounds us, the clinic has a philosophy of honesty, commitment and sharing to increasing patient self-assurance and the patients’ involvement in matters related to the services.... some surgeries and procedures are still too difficult to perform at the organization, for example, complex neuro surgeries which mean that patients have to be referred to a more advanced hospital. Poor location or geographic barriers are another weakness. We have a weakness in getting the potential patients nearby. Due to many specialist hospitals nearby that try to capture same area patients’ sources, the competition is aggressive Opportunity and threats for the external environment factors: Opportunity: Technological- better and advanced medical technology includes a wide variety of healthcare products. This intends to improve the quality of healthcare. Political- change in governmental politics. This can influence the service in that when the government introduces services that are of low tax and insurance products that favor the public this will enable many to run for the opportunities instead of avoiding medical facility due to low affordability rate. Competitive- due to Competitor vulnerabilities we will be able to excel in their areas of weakness thus improve the output level. Regulatory- this can be depicted through lowering of taxes by the government. This will enable the public access the organization products and services with ease. Social- in the social perspective, the population is expected to grow by 2015, the healthcare sector is expected continue to grow. Older age population will increase the demand for healthcare services. The country’s healthcare expenditure is predictable to grow from the current 3% of GDP to 6% of GDP by 2015. With the rising household income and improved life quality, the organization may benefit by capture this business segment opportunities. Economic- the organization can expand to other locations to serve more population

The English Barrier Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The English Barrier - Essay Example Due to this the import of immigrants is a contributing factor is a heavy offset. Therefore, near perfect accents will be very necessary for a non-native speaker to focus on work-related dealings. Similarly due to the internet burst, business dealing have also been brought to one’s home, free video calling and voice chats now mean that only emails will not be the form of business meetings, hence the need of speaking the language well. All of these factors coupled with more are explicitly explained in this research paper, joined along with personal opinion on the issue (Exforsys Inc, 2007). THESIS Before an opinion is laid out that whether it is necessary to have perfection in speaking of the English language, especially when the person learning will have to deal with people who are also speaking English as a non-native language, one has to skim through the reasons for learning English as a secondary language. The first and foremost being that of getting a job in an English spea king country, also if your interaction is with people who have English as their mother tongue. The second reason; being that of working in an environment where English dominates the working culture even if the mother tongue is not English. Also, the fact cannot be negated that most of the business done in any part of the world has something to do with countries other than yours, therefore a common language for correspondence is more often than not English and hence the need to learn the language is necessary. Similarly as mentioned before, the advent of technology has ensured that English governs the world as no other language ever has done in the history of mankind. Some experts go on record to claim that this is now the king of languages, and may never be dethroned. Some cynics also foresee it as not the case, since some major socio-political issues in the world may deem a universal language unnecessary. All these factors aside, the use of English language for the common man is fa st turning out to be the tool needed for making big bucks in this ever drowning economy of the world (Mydans, 2007). OPINION There are always two faces to a coin, both opposite and totally different. Similarly this topic constitutes a debate about the proficiency of oral English, especially when the people one has to talk to are not well versed with the English language. Many people think that it is unnecessary for a person to be proficient in English speaking skills as there is no such need for them when conversing or corresponding with a person whose native language is not English. I tend to disagree with the hypothesis. There are many reasons to my biasness with this topic. First of them being, the level of professionalism is a key factor in inducing people to do work or business with you. An aura of professionalism oozes out for the person in front of you to see and admire. Such will be the effect that half your problems will be solved. Another major issue that is solved when on e is proficient in speaking English is that; at times, is very unfamiliar with the language, as it is his second language. Therefore one has to change gears in his vocabulary to come to a lower level, this feat can only be performed if you are well-versed in the language, not only in reading and writing but also in speaking. Many people take good

Public Speaking And The Road To Success

Public Speaking And The Road To Success This is my first assignment in Public Speaking, and my topic is The Road to Success. I choose The Road to Success to be my topic is because I consider that it is very important to us. In our life we have many of choice and those choices are the Road. The Road that we choose will be reflected in our future. Are the Road is go to Success or Failure it is not just choose it only and we also have to know how to walk on the Road that we choose. Perhaps we will meet many difficulties and setbacks on the Road, but we must be strong enough to face it, to reach the destination that named success. Otherwise we can only reach to the destination that named failure. Body Definition of The Road to Success The Road to Success is means that the Road go to the Success, this road is not easy to go through because you may be will meet many of the problem and obstacle. But you cannot give up and you have to be strong and courageous to face it because at the back of those problem and obstacle, have your destination that called Success. If you choose to marking time or just choose to only take the shortcuts, you will never reach to the Success, and you may be will go to the place that called Failure! 3 Road To Success Many of the people would ask me that why we to choose the Road, it is because in our life we dont just have one Road only because we have many of the Road to choose and we have to choose it also. I know that wants to make a decision is not an easy thing, and it is not only related to you now, it will also involve you in the future. So when you are make a decision, you must to know that it will bring what consequences for you, and you also have to know that are you made the right decision for you, at the last that you have to bear that all any consequences that it will bring to you in your life. I know that The Road to Success is not an easy Road to walk on, but you have to know that in this world there is no free lunch. So if you want to achieve your goal, you have to know that how to pay for it. It is because if you do not want to make any pay, you will not get anything from the return. So do not think that the benefits of this world will just fall from the sky for you that are because you are not the special one in the world. So anyone that who wants to reaches to the Success, he or she has to be go through on the Road that he or she choose. 4 But I want to tell you all that, if you really want go to the Success, you have to go exactly straight, and if you meet so many of problem and obstacle on the Road that you have choose, please be strong and courageous to face it, do not just escaping from all the problems and obstacles, then just look for those shortcuts. Because when you are walk on the wrong step, you will not arrive to the destination that called Success any more, and you will arrive to the place that called Failure. So I hope that when you all choose your own Road in the time, please think clearly that what Road you have choose and do not just think that you wants to reach to the destination in the short time. We all are normal people; no any one of us is an exception, so that we all will have the experienced on the same way, so please do not think that only you have to go through on the Road. Even those well-known entrepreneurs, politicians, scientists, musicians and so on. They also just like us. They also have to go through such a difficult Road, you have to know that the reason that why today they will be so successful is because they do not give up their choice on the Road that they choose, they were brave to face the Road that are brought so many problems for they. Therefore, today, they will so successful! So do not easily to give up or go back because as long as you are willing to face whatever will comes on the Road that you choose, one day you will also become like them so successful! 5 The Road that each person choose are different, and perhaps that the Road that some people choose are go very easily, but you no need have to envy them because it may have been before he already put a lot of his thoughts on the Road that he choose that you do not know. So you just need to focus on your own Road is enough already, remember that the more you pay, the more that you can also can get. As long as you are willing to pay for it, so you no need to fear that you will not get anything returns from it because time will prove all. Rome and the pyramids are not built in a day, they are also using a lot of time to build it, so if you want to success is also not just in a short time you will success, perhaps walk on the Road that you choose cost you a lot of time, but please believe me that it definitely worth your time to spend. As long as you have the heart to walk on the Road that you choose, one day you will reach to the destination that called Success. So time is not any problem for you. God is fair for everyone. So the Road that you choose that go to Success must be broaden by yourself, but is it will bring you reach to the success? That is only you can go through by the decision that you choose because the fate is rests in your own hands you have to find out by yourself. 6 Poem by Sylvia Chidi The Road to Success We all want to walk on the road of success But do you day by day measure your progress Do you have a vision? Do you have a mission? You need one even if it is inspired by television We all want to walk on the road of success But do you day by day measure your progress Critically look at your personal development Grizzle over the final accomplishment Decide on the instruments you need at the moment? On its road, there are many paths to take With many sacrifices along the way to make Patience, faith and hard work, please dont forsake Or your dreams will pour empty into a wide lake We all want to walk on the road of success But do you day by day measure your progress Is your vision greater than greatness? You are the first one you must try to impress Take a step at a time and do not digress For success when achieved, I say without sarcasm Is more gratifying than any orgasm 7 Conclusion When finish my Public Speaking assignment I found out that wants to do a assignment is not an easy work. But because of my topic The Road to Success, no matter how hard or how difficult it is, I have to be strong to face it. So I did not give up and today my assignment already finish. I choose the Road so I have to go through it, when I was walk on the Road I have meet many problem but I use my best to solve all the problem that I meet, so now I already reach to my Success. The Success that I reach is I finish my assignment. 8 Reference

A Modern Version of Shakespeares Play, Henry V Essay -- Henry IV Henr

A Modern Version of Shakespeare's Play, Henry V The play Henry V, currently being staged at the University of Alberta student theatre, exemplifies an innovative manner of bringing the historic play into the modern era of technology. Set in the form of two multinational corporations: England and France, the play details the metaphoric battle for the market share from the two companies. Set in the current era circa 2002, the props and set for the play incorporate several technological innovations of the twenty first century. The workers for the corporation mirror the class system of the nobility, clergy and commoners in the play. The members of the clergy and nobility are analogous to the advisors, high-level executives, and members of the board of directors while the King fills the role of the Chief Executive Officer. The commoners and peasants are other employees of the firm such as the clerical staff and other related permissions. Their wardrobe is reflected accordingly the high-level business people wear suits of the finest calibre and the lower level workers wear attire that is considerably less formal. It was in this way that the audience is able to discern the respective classes from each other. This illustration of class distinction was most clearly portrayed in Act four Scene one where Henry changes into less formal wear as he goes down to the lunchroom and begins to converse with the publicists and other commoners that frequent the company's cafeteria. It is here within his masquerade th at he learns the morale of the workers and their attitude towards their executives. The entity of the chorus, which serves as the narrator of the play, still holds true to that function as a camera crew and news reporte... ...ing something that they had either experienced or had a family member experience. As a result, it caused them to identify with the play. The manner in which this play has been configured such that it is drawing on the predatory and imperialistic tendencies displayed by multinational conglomerates provides a way for today's audience to identify with the plight of the characters and their realm. Works Cited Shakespeare, William. Henry V. The Norton Shakespeare Based on the Oxford Edition: Histories. Eds. Greenblatt, Stephen et al. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997. 736-793. Works Consulted Ganz, Arthur. "Henry V In New York". Shakespeare Quarterly 35:4 (1984): 470-471 Speaight, Robert. "Shakespeare in Performance". Shakespeare Quarterly 36:5 (1985): 534-540. Stokes, Swell. "The Oliviers". Theatre Arts 29:12 (1945): 711-718.

An Analysis of Noli me tangere by Jose Rizal Essay

The novel Noli Me Tangere contains 63 chapters and epilogue. It begins with a reception given by Capitan Tiago (Santiago de los Santos) at his house in Calle Analogue (now Juan Luna Street) on the last day of October. The reception or dinner is given in honor of Crisostomo Ibarra, a young and rich Filipino who had just returned after seven years of study in Europe. Ibarra was the only son of Don Rafael Ibarra, friend of Capitan Tiago, and a fiancà © of beautiful Maria Clara, supposed daughter of Capitan Tiago. Among the guests during the reception were Padre Damaso, a fat Franciscan friar who had been parish priest for 20 years of San Diego (Calamba), Ibarra’s native town; Padre Sybila, a young Dominican parish priest of Binondo; Seà ±or Guevara, as elderly and kind lieutenant of the Guardia Civil; Don Tiburcio de Espadaà ±a, a bogus Spanish physician, lame, and henpecked husband of Doà ±a Victorina; and several ladies. Ibarra, upon his arrival, produced a favorable impression among the guests, except Padre Damaso, who has rude to him. In accordance with a German custom, he introduced himself to the ladies. During the dinner the conversation centered on Ibarra’s studies and travels abroad. Padre Damaso was in bad mood because he got a bony neck and a hard wing of the chicken tinola. He tried to discredit Ibarra’s remarks. After dinner, Ibarra left Capitan Tiago’s house to return to his hotel. On the way, the kind Lieutenant Guevara told him the sad story of his father’s death in San Diego. Don Rafael, his father, was a rich and brave man. He defended a helpless boy from the brutality of an illiterate Spanish tax collector, pushing the latter and accidentally killing him. Don Rafael was thrown in prison, where he died unhappily. He was buried in consecrated ground, but his enemies, accusing him being a heretic, had his body removed from the cemetery. On hearing about his father’s sad story, Ibarra thanked the kind Spanish lieutenant and vowed to find out the truth about his father’s death. The following morning, he visited Maria Clara, his childhood sweetheart. Maria Clara teasingly said that he had forgotten her because the girls in Germany were beautiful. Ibarra replied that he had never forgotten her. After the romantic reunion with Maria Clara, Ibarra went to San Diego to visit his father’s grave. It was All Saint’s Day. At the cemetery, the grave digger told Ibarra that the corpse of Don Rafael was removed by order of the parish priest to be, buried in the Chinese cemetery; but the corpse was heavy and it was a dark and rainy night so that he (the grave-digger) simply threw the corpse into the lake. Ibarra was angered by the grave-digger’s story. He left the cemetery. On the way, he met Padre Salvi, Franciscan parish priest of San Diego. In a flash, Ibarra pounced on the priest, demanding redress for desecrating his father’s mortal remains. Padre told him that he had nothing to do with it, for he was not the parish priest at the time of Don Rafael’s death. It was Padre Damaso, his predecessor, who was responsible for it. Convinced for Padre Salvi’s innocence, Ibarra went away. In his town Ibarra met several interesting people, such as the wise old man, Tasio the philosopher, whose ideas were too advanced for his times so that the people, who could not understand him, called him â€Å"Tasio the Lunatic;† the progressive school teacher, who complained to Ibarra that the children were losing interest to their studies because of the lack proper school house and the discouraging attitude of the parish friar towards both the teaching of Spanish and of the use of modern methods of pedagogy; the spineless gobernadorcillo, who catered to the wishes of the Spanish parish friars; Don Filipo Lino, the teniente-mayor and leader of the cuardrilleros (town police); and the former gobernadorcillos who were prominent citizens Don Basilio and Don Valentin. A most tragic story in the novel is the tale of Sisa, who was formerly a rich girl but became poor because she married a gambler, and a wastrel at that. She became crazy because she lost her two boys, Basilio and Crispin, the joy of her wretched life. These boys were sacristanes (sextons) in the church, working for a small wage to support their poor mother. Crispin the younger of the two brothers was accused by the brutal sacristan mayor (chief sexton) of stealing the money of the priest. He was tortured in the convent and died. Basilio, with his brother’s dying cries ringing in his ears, escaped. When the two boys did not return home, Sisa looked for them everywhere and, in her great sorrow, she became insane. Capitan Tiago, Maria Clara, and Aunt Isabel (Capitan Tiago’s cousin who took care of Maria Clara, after his mother’s death) arrived in San Diego. Ibarra and his friends give picnic at the lake. Among those present in this picnic, were Maria Clara and her four girl friends the merry Sià ±ang, the grave Victoria, the beautiful Iday, and the thoughtful Neneng; Aunt Isabel, chaperon of Maria Clara; Capitana Tika, mother of Sià ±ang; Andeng, foster sister of Maria Clara; Albino, the ex-theological student who was in love with Sià ±ang; and Ibarra and his friends. One of the boatmen was a strong and silent peasant youth named Elias. An incident of the picnic was the saving of Elias’ life by Ibarra. Elias bravely grappled with a crocodile which was caught in the fish corral. But the crocodile struggled furiously so that Elias could not subdue it. Ibarra jumped into the water and killed the crocodile, thereby saving Elias. After the crocodile incident, was the rendering of a beautiful song by Maria Clara who had a sweet voice and they went ashore. They made merry in the cool, wooded meadow. Padre Salvi, Capitan Basilio (former gobernadorcillo and Sià ±ang’s father) the alferez (lieutenant of the Guardia Civil) and the town officials were present. The luncheon was served, and everybody enjoyed eating. The meal over, Ibarra and Capitan Basilio played chess, while Maria Clara and her friends played the â€Å"Wheel of Chance†, a game based on a fortune-telling book. As the girls were enjoying their fortune-telling game, Padre Salvi came and tore to pieces the book, saying that it was a sin to play such game. Shortly thereafter, a sergent and four soldiers of the Guardia Civil suddenly arrived, looking for Elias, who was hunted for assaulting Padre Damaso and throwing the alferez into a mud hole. Fortunately Elias had disappeared, and the Guardia Civil went away empty-handed. During the picnic also, Ibarra received a telegram from the Spanish authorities notifying him the approval of his donation of a schoolhouse for the children of San Diego. The next day Ibarra visited old Tasio to consult him on his pet project about the schoolhouse. He saw the old man’s writings were written in hieroglyphics. Tasio explained to him that he wrote in hieroglyphics because he was writing for the future generations who would understand them and say, â€Å"Not all were asleep in the night of our ancestors!† Meanwhile San Diego was merrily preparing for its annual fiesta, in honor of its patron saint San Diego de Alcala, whose feast day is the 11th of November. On the eve of the fiesta, hundreds of visitors arrived from the nearby towns, and there were laughter, music, exploding bombs, feasting and moro-moro. The music was furnished by five brass bands (including the famous Pagsanjan Band owned by the escribano Miguel Guevara) and three orchestras. In the morning of the fiesta there was a high mass in the church, officiated by Padre Salvi. Padre Damaso gave the long sermon, in which he expatiated on the evils of the times that were caused by certain men, who having tasted some education spread pernicious ideas among the people. After Padre Damaso’s sermon, the mass was continued by Padre Salve. Elias quietly moved to Ibarra, who was kneeling and praying by Maria Clara’s side, and warned him to be careful during the ceremony of the laying of the cornerstone of the schoolhouse because there was a plot to kill him. Elias suspected that the yellowish man, who built the derrick, was a paid stooge of Ibarra’s enemies. True to his suspicion, later in the day, when Ibarra, in the presence of a big crowd, went down into the trench to cement the cornerstone, the derrick collapsed. Elias, quick as a flash, pushed him aside, thereby saving his life. The yellowish man was the one crushed to death by the shattered derrick. At the sumptuous dinner that night under a decorated kiosk, a sad incident occurred. The arrogant Padre Damaso, speaking in the presence of many guests, insulted the memory of Ibarra’s father. Ibarra jumped to his seat, knocked down the fat friar with his fist, and then seized a sharp knife. He would have killed the friar, were it not for the timely intervention of Maria Clara. The fiesta over, Maria Clara became ill. She was treated by the quack Spanish physician, Tiburcio de Espadaà ±a, whose wife, a vain and vulgar native woman, was a frequent visitor in Capitan Tiago’s house. This woman had hallucinations of being a superior Castillan, and, although a native herself, she looked down on her own people as inferior beings. She added another â€Å"de† to her husband’s surname in order to more Spanish. Thus she wanted to be called â€Å"Doctora Doà ±a Victorina de los Reyes de De Espadaà ±a.† She introduced to Capitan Tiago’s young Spaniards, Don Alfonso Linares de Espadaà ±a, cousin of Don Tiburcio de Espadaà ±a and godson of Padre Damaso’s brother in law. Linares was a penniless and jobless, fortune hunter who came to the Philippines in search of a rich Filipino heiress. Both Doà ±a Victorina and Padre Damaso sponsored his wooing of Maria Clara, but the latter did not respond because she loved Ibarra. The story of Elias like that of Sisa, was a tale of pathos and tragedy. He related it to Ibarra. Some 60 years ago, his grandfather, who was then a young bookkeeper in a Spanish commercial firm in Manila, was wrongly accused of burning the firm’s warehouse. He was flogged in public and was left in the street, crippled and almost died. His was pregnant, beg for alms and became a prostitute in order to support her sick husband and their son. After giving birth to her second son and the death of her husband, she fled, with her to sons to the mountains. Years later the first boy became a dreaded tulisan named Balat. He terrorized the provinces. One day he was caught by the authorities. His head was cut off and was hung from a tree branch in the forest. On seeing this gory object, the poor mother (Elias’ grandmother) died. Balat’s younger brother, who was by nature kindhearted, fled and became a trusted laborer in the house of rich man in Tayabas. He fell in love with the master’s daughter. The girl’s father, enraged by the romance, investigated his past and found out the truth. The unfortunate lover (Elias’ father) was sent to jail, while the girl gave birth to twins, a boy (Elias) and a girl. Their rich grandfather took care of them, keeping secret their scandalous origin, and reared them as rich children. Elias was educated in the JesuitCollege in Manila, while his sister studied in La Concordia College. They lived happily, until one day, owing to certain dispute over money matters, a distant relative exposed their shameful birth. They were disgraced. An old male servant, whom they used to abuse, was forced to testify in court and the truth came out that he was their real father. Elias and his sister left Tayabas to hide their shame in another place. One day the sister disappeared. Elias roamed from place to place, looking for her. He heard later that a girl answering to his sister’s description, was found died on the beach of San Diego. Since then, Elias lived a vagabond life, wandering from province to province – until he met Ibarra. Elias, learning of Ibarra’s arrest, burned all the papers that might incriminate his friend and set Ibarra’s house on fire. Then he went to prison and helped Ibarra escape. He and Ibarra jumped into a banca loaded with sacate (grass). Ibarra stopped at the house of Capitan Tiago to say goodbye to Maria Clara. In the tearful last scene between the two lovers, Ibarra forgave Maria Clara for giving up his letter to her to the Spanish authorities who utilized them as evidence against him. On her part, Maria Clara revealed that those letters were exchanged with a letter from her late mother, Pia Alba which Padre Salvi gave her. From his letter, she learned that her real father was Padre Damaso. After bidding Maria Clara farewell, Ibarra returned to the banca. He and Elias paddled up the PasigRiver toward Laguna de Bay. A police boat, with the Guardia Civil on board, pursued them as their banca reached the lake. Elias told Ibarra to hide under the zacate. As the police boat was overtaking the banca, Elias jumped into the water and swam swiftly toward the shore. In this way, he diverted the attention of the soldiers on his person, thereby giving Ibarra a chance to escape. The soldier fired at the swimming Elias, who was hit and sank. The water turned red because of his blood. The soldiers, thinking that they had killed the fleeing Ibarra returned to Manila. Thus Ibarra was able to escape. Elias seriously wounded, reached the shore and staggered into the forest. He met a boy, Basilio, who was weeping over his mother’s dead body. He told Basilio to make a pyre on which their bodies (his and Sisa) were to be burned to ashes. It was Christmas eve, and the moon gleamed softly in the sky. Basilio prepared the funeral pyre. As life’s breath slowly left his body. Elias looked toward the east and murmured: â€Å"I die without seeing the dawn brighten over my native land.† You, who have it to see, welcome it! And forget not those who have fallen during the night. The novel has an epilogue which recounts what happened to the other characters. Maria Clara, out of her loyalty to the memory of Ibarra, the man she truly loved, entered the Santa Clara nunnery. Padre Salvi left the parish of San Diego and became a chaplain of the nunnery. Padre Damaso was transferred to a remote province, but the next morning he was found dead in his bedroom. Capitan Tiago the former genial host and generous patron of the church became an opium addict and a human wreck. Doà ±a Victorina, still henpecking poor Don Tiburcio, had taken to wearing eye-glasses because of weakening eyesight. Linares, who failed to win Maria Clara’s affection, died of dysentery and was buried in Paco cemetery. The alferez, who successfully repulsed the abortive attack on the barracks, was promoted major. He returned to Spain, leaving behind his shabby mistress, Doà ±a Consolacion. The novel ends with Maria Clara, an unhappy nun in Santa Clara nunnery – forever lost to the world. Characters of noli me tangere Crisà ³stomo Ibarra, or commonly called as Ibarra, is a half-Filipino half-Spaniard who is the only descendant of the wealthy Spanish Don Rafael Ibarra. He was born and grew up in the Philippines, but during his adolescence, he spent seven years in Europe for education. Those years prevented him from knowing what was happening in his country. When he had returned to the Philippines, he found that his father had died and that the corpse was (supposedly) moved to a Chinese cemetery (but the body ended up in a river). He heard tales of how helpful and kind his father was and decided to honor the memory of his father by doing as his father did. Marà ­a Clara de los Santos, is the most dominant yet weakest representation of women in the setting. When thinking of Noli, the name of Marà ­a Clara is can be seen predominantly as image of ideal Filipina women. Marà ­a Clara is the primary female character in the novel. She is seen as the daughter of Capità ¡n Tiago and Doà ±a Pà ­a Alba. Doà ±a Pà ­a died when delivering Maria Clara. The poor child only grew under the guidance and supervision of Tà ­a Isabà ©l, Capità ¡n Tiago’s cousin. Dà ¡maso Verdolagas (commonly known as Padre Dà ¡maso/Padre Damaso or Father Damaso), of Dominican order, was the former curate of the parish church of San Diego. He was the curate for almost twenty years before he replaced by much younger Padre Salvi. Padre Damaso was known to be friendly with the Ibarra family, so much that Crisà ³stomo was surprised by what the former curate had done to Don Rafaà ©l. Don Santà ­ago de los Santos, commonly known as Capità ¡n Tiago, is the only son of a wealthy trader in Malabon. Due to his mother’s cruelty, Capità ¡n Tiago did not attain any formal education. He became a servant of a Dominican priest. When the priest and his father died, Capità ¡n Tiago decided to assist in the family business of trading before he met his wife Doà ±a Pà ­a Alba, who came from another wealthy family. Because of their consistent devotion to Santa Clara in Obando, they were given a daughter who shared same features as Padre Damaso, who is Maria Clara. Don Anastacio, or commonly known as Filà ³sofo Tacio (Philosopher Tasyo) is one of the most important character in Noli. In one side, he is referred to as philosopher/sage (hence, Pilosopo Tasyo) because his ideas were accurate with the minds of townspeople. Elià ¡s came from the family which the Ibarra clan downtrodded for generations. He grew up in a wealthy family until when he discovered something that changed his life forever. He is also the one who helped Ibarra in running away from the guards. Doà ±a Victorina de los Reyes de de Espadaà ±aalways ed dream to have a Spanish husband. and it came true but she don’t like Don Tiburcio she just forced her self to be married to Him She fell in love once before for kapitan Tiyago Narcisa or Sisa is the mother of Basilio and Crispin. Shows how Filipino mothers love their children. Synopsis of â€Å"El Filibusterismo† The hero of El Filibusterismo is a rich jeweler named Simoun. He was Crisostomo Ibarra of the Noli, who, with Elias’ help, escaped from the pursuing soldiers at Laguna de Bay, dug up his buried treasure, and fled to Cuba where he became rich and befriended many Spanish officials. After many years he returned to the Philippines, where he freely moved around. He is a powerful figure not only because he is a rich jeweler but also because he is a good friend and adviser of the governor general. Outwardly, Simoun is a friend of Spain. However deep in his heart, he is secretly cherishing a terrible revenge against the Spanish authorities. His two magnificent obsessions are to rescue Maria Clara from the nunnery of Santa Clara and to foment a revolution against the hated Spanish masters. The story of El Filibusterismo begins on board the clumsy, roundish shaped steamer Tabo, so appropriately named. This steamer is sailing upstream the Pasig from Manila to Laguna de Bay. Among the passengers are Simoun, the rich jeweler; Doà ±a Victorina, the ridiculously pro-Spanish native woman who is going to Laguna in search of her henpecked husband, Tiburcio de Espadaà ±a, who has deserted her; Paulita Gomez, her beautiful niece; Ben-Zayb (anagram of Ibaà ±ez), a Spanish journalist who writes silly articles about the Filipinos; Padre Sibyla, vice-rector of the University of Santo Tomas; Padre Camorra, the parish priest of the town of Tiani; Don Custodio, a pro-spanish Filipino holding a position in the government; Padre Salvi, thin Franciscan friar and former cura of San Diego; Padre Irene, a kind friar who was a friend of the Filipino students; Padre Florentino, a retired scholarly and patriotic Filipino priest; Isagani, a poet-nephew of Padre Florentino and a lover of Paulita; and Basilio, son of Sisa and promising medical student, whose medical education is financed by his patron, Capitan Tiago. Simoun, a man of wealth and mystery, is a very close friend and confidante of the Spanish governor general. Because of his great influence in Malacaà ±ang, he was called the â€Å"Brown Cardinal† or the â€Å"Black Eminence†. By using his wealth and political influence, he encourages corruption in the government, promotes the oppression of the masses, and hastens the moral degradation of the country so that the people may become desperate and fight. He smuggles arms into the country with the help of a rich Chinese merchant, Quiroga, who wants very much to be Chinese consul of Manila. His first attempt to begin the armed uprising did not materialize because at the last hour he hears the sad news that Maria Clara died in the nunnery. In his agonizing moment of bereavement, he did not give the signal for the outbreak of hostilities. After a long time of illness brought about by the bitter loss of Maria Clara, Simoun perfects his plan to overthrow the government. On the occasion of the wedding of Paulita Gomez and Juanito Pelaez, he gives a wedding gift to them a beautiful lamp. Only he and his confidential associates, Basilio (Sisa’s son who joined his revolutionary cause), know that when the wick of his lamp burns lower the nitroglycerine, hidden in its secret compartment, will explode, destroying the house where the wedding feast is going to be held killing all the guests, including the governor general, the friars, and the government officials. Simultaneously, all the government buildings in Manila will be blown by Simoun’s followers. As the wedding feast begins, the poet Isagani, who has been rejected by Paulita because of his liberal ideas, is standing outside the house, watching sorrowfully the merriment inside. Basilio, his friend, warns him to go away because the lightened lamp will soon explode. Upon hearing the horrible secret of the lamp, Isagani realizes that his beloved Paulita was in grave danger. To save her life, he rushes into the house, seizes the lightened lamp, and hurls it into the river, where it explodes. The revolutionary plot was thus discovered. Simoun was cornered by the soldiers, but he escaped. Mortally wounded, and carrying his treasure chest, he sought refuge in the home of Padre Florentino by the sea. The Spanish authorities, however, learns of his presence in the house of Padre Florentino. Lieutenant Perez of the Guardia Civil informs the priest by letter that he would come at eight o’clock that night to arrest Simoun. Simoun eluded arrest by taking poison. As he is dying, he confesses to Padre Florentino, revealing his true identity, his dastardly plan to use his wealth to avenge himself, and his sinister aim to destroy his friends and enemies. The confession of the dying Simoun is long and painful. It is already night when Padre Florentino, wiping the sweat from his wrinkled brow, rises and begins to meditate. He consoles the dying man saying: â€Å"God will forgive you Seà ±or Simoun. He knows that we are fallible. He has seen that you have suffered, and in ordaining that the chastisement for your faults should come as death from the very ones you have instigated to crime, we can see His infinite mercy. He has frustrated your plans one by one, the best conceived, first by the death of Maria Clara, then by a lack of preparation, then in some mysterious way. Let us bow to His will and render Him thanks!† Watching Simoun die peacefully with a clear conscience and at peace with God. Padre Florentino falls upon his knees and prays for the dead jeweler. He takes the treasure chest and throws it into the sea; as the waves close over the sinking chest. Characters in El Filibusterismo Simoun – Crisostomo Ibarra in disguise, left for dead at the end of Noli Me Tangere, has resurfaced as the wealthy jeweler, Simoun, sporting a beard, blue-tinted glasses, and a revolver. Fueled by his mistreatment at the hands of the Spaniards and his fury at Maria Clara’s fate. Basilio – Son of Sisa. A graduating Medical Student who befriended Simoun. This is the same Basilio introduced in Noli Me Tangere. Isagani Villamor – Basilio’s friend, ex-beau of Paulita Gomez and the man who removed the explosive lamp from the Captain Tiago’s house, thus sabotaging Simoun’s plans. Kabesang Tales – Cabeza Telesforo Juan de Dios, a former cabeza de barangay (barangay head) of Sagpang, a barangay in San Diego’s neighboring town Tiani, who resurfaced as the feared Luzà ³n bandit Matanglawin Don Custodio – Custodio de Salazar y Sà ¡nchez de Monteredondo, a famous â€Å"journalist† who was asked by the students about hi s decision for the Academia de Castellano. In reality, he is quite an ordinary fellow who married a rich woman in order to be a member of Manila’s high society. Paulita Gomez – The girlfriend of Isagani and the niece of Doà ±a Victorina, the old Indio who passes herself off as a Peninsular, who is the wife of the quack doctor Tiburcio de Espadaà ±a. In the end, she and Juanito Pelà ¡ez are wed, and she dumps Isagani, believing that she will have no future if she marries him. Macaraig – One of Isagani’s classmates at the University of Santo Tomas. He is a rich student and serves as the leader of the students yearning to build the Academia de Castellano. Father Florentino – Isagani’s godfather, and a secular priest; was engaged to be married, but chose to be a priest after being pressured by his mother, the story hinting at the ambivalence of his decision as he chooses an assignment to a remote place, living in solitude near the sea. Juli San Jose – Juliana de Dios, the girlfriend of Basilio, and the youngest daughter of Kabesang Tales. To claim her father from the bandits, she had to work as a maid under the supervision of Hermana Penchang. Eventually, she was freed but committed suicide after Father Camorra attempted to rape her. Juanito Pelaez – A favorite student of the professors. They belong to the noble Spanish ancestry. Doà ±a Victorina – Victorina delos Reyes de Espadaà ±a, known in Noli Me Tangere as Tiburcio de Espadaà ±a’s cruel wife. She is the aunt of Paulita Gomez, and favors Juanito Pelaez than Isagani. Although of Indio ideology, she considers herself as one of thePeninsular. Father Camorra – The lustful parish priest of Tiani, San Diego’s adjacent town who has longtime desires for young women. He nearly raped Juli causing the latter to commit suicide. Captain Tiago – Santiago delos Santos, although making a cameo appearance, Captain Tiago is Maria Clara’s stepfather and the foster-father to Basilio. Father Bernardo Salvi- Former parish priest of San Diego, now the director and chaplain of the Santa Clara convent. Father Hernando de la Sibyla – A Dominican friar introduced in Noli Me Tangere, now the vice-rector of the University of Santo Tomas Tandang Selo – Father of Kabesang Tales. He raised the sick and young Basilio after he left their house in Noli me Tangere. He died in an encounter on the mountains with his son Tales.